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| Sprains |
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Definition:
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments
are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a
ligament is stretched too far or tears, the joint will become
painful and swell.
Causes:
Sprains are caused when a joint is forced to move into an
unnatural position. For example, "twisting" one's ankle causes a
sprain to the ligaments around the ankle.
Symptoms:
Joint pain or muscle pain
Swelling
Joint stiffness
Discoloration of the skin, especially bruising
First Aid:
- Apply ice immediately to help reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in
cloth -- DO NOT place ice directly on the skin.
- Try NOT to move the affected area. To help you do this,
bandage the affected area firmly, but not tightly. ACE bandages
work well. Use a splint if necessary.
- Keep the swollen joint elevated above the level of the heart,
even while sleeping.
- Rest the affected joint for several days.
- Aspirin, ibuprofen, or other pain relievers can help. DO NOT
give aspirin to children.
Keep pressure off the injured area until the pain subsides
(usually 7 to 10 days for mild sprains and 3 to 5 weeks for
severe sprains). You may require crutches when walking.
Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if:
- You suspect a broken bone.
- The joint appears to be deformed.
- You have a serious injury or the pain is severe.
- There is an audible popping sound and immediate difficulty
using the joint.
Call your doctor if:
- Swelling does not go down within 2 days.
- You have symptoms of infection -- the area becomes redder,
more painful, or warm, or you have a fever over 100F.
- The pain does not go away after several weeks.
Prevention:
- Wear protective footwear for activities that place stress on
your ankle and other joints.
- Make sure that shoes fit your feet properly.
- Avoid high-heeled shoes.
- Always warm-up and stretch prior to exercise and sports.
- Avoid sports and activities for which you are not conditioned
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